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Los Alamos National Laboratory The Slitting Method for Residual Stress Measurement:  : Literature
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Literature on Crack Compliance (Slitting)

Literature Review and New Papers(back to top)

Prime, M. B., and Steinzig, M. L., 2014, "Beyond the Streetlight Effect: A United Future for Relaxation and Diffraction Methods for Residual Stress Measurement," Advanced Materials Research, 996, pp. 234-242. Free at publisher's website.

Literature Review: M.B. Prime, "Residual Stress Measurement by Successive Extension of a Slot: The Crack Compliance Method," Applied Mechanics Reviews, Vol 52, No. 2, pp. 75-96, 1999. 600K pdf file (LA-UR-98-3757)

New Papers: Over 50 papers that have appeared in the literature since the literature review. Includes brief descriptions.

 


Downloadable papers (back to top)

Hans-Jakob Schindler now has several of his papers available electronically on his web site. See papers 1,6,8,9 and 18 there.

  • G. S. Schajer and M. B. Prime, “Residual Stress Solution Extrapolation for the Slitting Method using Equilibrium Constraints,” Journal of Engineering Materials and Technology, 129(2), 227-232, 2007. preprint (pdf) (LA-UR-06-2946)
  • M. B. Prime, “Editorial for Special Issue on Residual Stress in Fatigue & Fracture,” Fatigue & Fracture of Engineering Materials & Structures, 30, 172-172, 2007. preprint (pdf) (LA-UR-07-041)
  • Schajer, G. S., and Prime, M. B., 2006, "Use of Inverse Solutions for Residual Stress Measurements," Journal of Engineering Materials and Technology, 128(3), 375-382. preprint (pdf). (LA-UR-04-5890)
  • Prime, M. B., and Hill, M. R., 2006, "Uncertainty, Model Error, and Order Selection for Series-Expanded, Residual-Stress Inverse Solutions," Journal of Engineering Materials and Technology, 128(2), pp. 175-185. preprint (pdf). (LA-UR-05-2597)
  • M.T. Milan, J.R. Tarpani, and W.W. Bose Filho, "Slot Machining Effects On Residual Stress Measurements Using The Crack Compliance Method," and "Residual Stress Evaluation Of AA2024-T3 Friction Stir Welded Joints" from the 18th International Congress of Mechanical Engineering, 2005.
  • M.B. Prime and M.R. Hill, 2004, "Measurement of Fiber-Scale Residual Stress Variation in a Metal-Matrix Composite," Journal of Composite Materials, 38(23), pp. 2079-2095. preprint (pdf) . (LA-UR-03-4452)
  • M. B. Prime, "Experimental Procedure for Crack Compliance (Slitting) Measurements of Residual Stress," LA-UR-03-8629, Los Alamos National Laboratory Report, 2003. pdf document
  • C. Dalle Donne, E. Lima, J. Wegener, A. Pyzalla, T. Buslaps, "Investigations on Residual Stresses in Friction Stir Welds," Proc. 3rd Int. Symposium on Friction Stir Welding, 27-28 September 2001,Kobe Japan, TWI (UK). preprint (pdf) . Preprint by permission of the authors.

  • M. B. Prime and M. R. Hill, "Residual Stress, Stress Relief, and Inhomogeneity in Aluminum Plate," Scripta Materialia, 46, pp. 77-82, 2002. preprint (pdf) .

  • C. Dalle Donne, G. Biallas, T. Ghidini, & G. Raimbeaux, "Effect of Weld Imperfections and Residual Stresses on the Fatigue Crack Propagation in Friction Stir Welded Joints," Proc. 2nd Int. Conf on Friction Stir Welding, 26-28 June 2000, Gothenberg Sweden. preprint (pdf) . Preprint by permission of the authors.

  • M.B. Prime, P. Rangaswamy, and M.A.M. Bourke, "Measuring Spatial Variation of Residual Stresses in a MMC Using Crack Compliance," Proc. 7th Int. Conf. on Composites Engineering, July 2-8, 2000 Denver, Colorado, Editor: D. Hui, pp. 711-712. preprint (pdf) . (LA-UR-00-2084)

  • M. B. Prime, V. C. Prantil, P. Rangaswamy and F. P. Garcia, "Residual Stress Measurement and Prediction in a Hardened Steel Ring," Materials Science Forum, Vols. 347-349, pp. 223-228, 2000. preprint (pdf) (LA-UR-99-5103)

  • M. B. Prime, L. A. Jacobson, and M. A. Pacheco, "Residual Stresses Measured Before and After Stress Relief in Rolled Aluminum Plate," Book of Abstracts, 1999 ASME Mechanics & Materials Conference, June 27-30, 1999, Blacksburg, Virginia, Editors: R. C. Batra and E. G. Henneke, 241-242. preprint (pdf) . First application of crack compliance to measuring biaxial stresses by making two cuts.(LA-UR-99-3288) see above paper in Scripta Materialia for more complete version of same work

  • Literature review, 600K pdf file.(LA-UR-98-3757)

  • M. B. Prime, "Measuring Residual Stress and the Resulting Stress Intensity Factor in Compact Tension Specimens," Fatigue & Fracture of Engineering Materials & Structures, Vol. 22, No. 3, pp. 195-204, March 1999. preprint (pdf).
    This paper attempts gives complete raw data from a simulation. It would make an ideal test case for someone trying to test their implementation of crack compliance. (LA-UR-98-0782)
    Here is brief presentation that gives the equation so that one can use clip guage (CMOD) data instead of strain data to calculate residual stress effects in fatigue or fracture testing of CT specimens. Thanks to Keith Donald at Fracture Technology Associates, a small error in one equation was fixed February 2005.

  • M.B. Prime and Ch. Hellwig, "Residual Stresses in a Bi-Material Laser Clad Measured Using Compliance," The Fifth International Conference on Residual Stresses, T. Ericsson et al., Eds., (Linköping University, Sweden, 1997, ISBN 91-7219-212-7) Vol. 1, pp. 127-132. 194K pdf file (LA-UR-97-1495)

History (back to top)

The method was first published 25 years ago, as a result of research at the University of California, Berkeley:

  • S. Vaidyanathan and I. Finnie, "Determination of Residual Stresses from Stress Intensity Factor Measurements," Journal of Basic Engineering, 93, 242-246, 1971.

It required a cumbersome photoelastic technique and was applied sparingly over the next 15 years. Two factors contributed to the re-emergence of the method in the mid 1980's. First, researchers replaced the photoelastic coatings with much simpler strain gages. And second, advances in large scale computing and the finite element method made the calculations much more feasible and allowed the use of more advanced analysis methods. The method appeared in the literature from several independent researchers in the 80's:

  • (USA 1985)
    W. Cheng and I. Finnie, "A Method for Measurement of Axisymmetric Residual Stresses in Circumferentially Welded Thin-Walled Cylinders," Journal of Engineering Materials & Technology, 107, 181-185, 1985.
  • (Netherlands/UK 1987)
    D. Ritchie and R.H. Leggatt, "The Measurement of the Distribution of Residual Stress Through the Thickness of a Welded Joint," Strain, May 1987, 61-70.
  • (Germany 1987)
    T. Fett, "Bestimmung von Eigenspannungen mittels bruchmechanischer Beziehungen (Determination of Residual Stresses by use of Fracture Mechanical Relations)," Materialprüfung, 29, 92-92, 1987.
  • (UK 1988)
    C.N. Reid, "A Method of Mapping Residual Stress in a Compact Tension Specimen," Scripta Metallurgica, 22, 451-456, 1988.
  • (Korea 1989)
    K.J. Kang, J.H. Song, and Y.Y. Earmme, "A Method for the Measurement of Residual Stresses Using a Fracture Mechanics Approach," Journal of Strain Analysis, 24, 23-30, 1989.

Below is a chronological listing of the published research on the compliance method generated primarily by Iain Finnie, Weili Cheng, and coworkers at U.C. Berkeley. It includes publications that give solutions useful in applying the compliance method to various geometries, even though the compliance method is not explicitly addressed in the paper. There are also many papers in the literature that demonstrate applications of the method. Maybe in the future they will be added to this page.

  1. W. Cheng, I. Finnie, and G. Stevick, "Predictions of the Stress Intensity Factor for an Internal Circumferential Crack at a Butt-Weld Between Cylinders Using the Plane Strain Solution," Journal of Engineering Materials & Technology, 106, 21-24, 1984.
  2. W. Cheng and I. Finnie, "On the Prediction of Stress Intensity Factors for Axisymmetric Cracks in Thin-Walled Cylinders from Plane Strain Solutions," J. Eng. Mat. & Tech., 107, 2278-234, 1985.
  3. W. Cheng and I. Finnie, "A Method for Measurement of Axisymmetric Residual Stresses in Circumferentially Welded Thin-Walled Cylinders," J. Eng. Mat. & Tech., 107, 181-185, 1985.
  4. W. Cheng and I. Finnie, "Determination of Stress Intensity Factors for Partial Penetration Axial Cracks in Thin-Walled Cylinders, J. Eng. Mat. & Tech., 108, 83-36, 1986.
  5. W. Cheng and I. Finnie, "Measurement of Residual Hoop Stress in Cylinders Using the Compliance Method," J. Eng. Mat. & Tech., 108, 87-92, 1986.
  6. W. Cheng and I. Finnie, "Examination of Computational Model for the Layer Removal Method for Residual Stresses Measurement," Experimental Mechanics, 26, 150-153, 1986.
  7. W. Cheng and I. Finnie, "A New Method of Measurement of Residual Stresses Applied to a Multi-Pass Butt Welded Cylinder," J. Eng. Mat. & Tech., 109, 337-342, 1987.
  8. W. Cheng and I. Finnie, "KI Solutions for an Edge Cracked Strip," Engineering Fracture Mechanics, 31, 201-207, 1988.
  9. W. Cheng and I. Finnie, "Stress Intensity Factors for Radial Cracks in Circular Cylinders and Other Simply Closed Cylindrical Bodies," Engineering Fracture Mechanics, 32, 767-774, 1989.
  10. W. Cheng and I. Finnie, "A KII Stress Intensity Solution for an Edge Cracked Strip," Engineering Fracture Mechanics, 36, 355-360, 1990.
  11. W. Cheng and I. Finnie, "The Crack Compliance Method for Residual Stresses Measurement," Welding in the World, 28, 103-110, 1990.
  12. W. Cheng, I. Finnie, and O. Vardar, "Measurement of Residual Stresses Near the Surface Using the Crack Compliance Method," J. Eng. Mat. & Tech., 113, 199-204, 1991.
  13. W. Cheng and I. Finnie, "An Experimental Method for Determining Residual Stresses in Welds," Modeling of Casting, Welding, and Advanced Solidification Processes - V, (M. Rappaz ed.), The Minerals, Metals, and Materials Society, Warrendale, PA, USA, 1991.
  14. W. Cheng, I. Finnie, and O. Vardar, "Deformation of an Edge Cracked Strip Subjected to Normal Surface Traction on the Crack Faces," Engineering Fracture Mechanics, 42, 97-107, 1992.
  15. W. Cheng, I. Finnie, and O. Vardar, "Estimation of Axisymmetric Residual Stresses in a Long Cylinder," J. Eng. Mat. & Tech., 114, 137-140, 1992.
  16. W. Cheng and I. Finnie, "Deformation of an Edge Cracked Strip Subjected to Arbitrary Shear Surface Traction on the Crack Faces," Engineering Fracture Mechanics, 43, 33-39, 1992.
  17. W. Cheng and I. Finnie, "Measurement of Residual Stress Distributions Near the Toe of a Weld Between a Bracket and a Plate using the Crack Compliance Method," Proc. of IUTAM Symposium, "Mechanical Effects of Welding," Lulea, Sweden.
  18. W. Cheng, M.B. Prime and I. Finnie, "Measurement of Residual Stresses Through the Thickness of a Strip Using the Crack Compliance Method," Residual Stresses III - Science and Tech., Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Residual Stress, Vol. 2, Elsevier Applied Science, ed.: H. Fujiwara et. al., 1127-1132, 1992.
  19. M. Gremaud, W. Cheng, M. Prime, and I. Finnie, "Measurement of Residual Stresses in Laser Treated Layers Using the Crack Compliance Method," Proceedings of International Conference on Laser Advanced Materials Processing, eds.: A. Matasunawa and S. Katayama, 713-718, 1992.
  20. W. Cheng and I. Finnie, "A Comparison of the Strains due to Edge Cracks and Cuts of Finite Width in a Semi-Infinite Elastic Plate," J. Eng. Mat. & Tech., 115, 220-226, 1993.
  21. W. Cheng, I. Finnie, M. Gremaud, and M.B. Prime, "Measurement of Near Surface Residual Stresses Using Electrical Discharge Wire Machining," J. Eng. Mat. & Tech., 116, 1-7, 1994.
  22. W. Cheng and I. Finnie, "Measurement of Residual Stress Distributions Near the Toe of an Attachment Welded on a Plate Using the Crack Compliance Method," Engineering Fracture Mechanics, 46, 79-91, 1993.
  23. M. Gremaud, W. Cheng, I. Finnie, and M.B. Prime, "The Compliance Method for Measurement of Near Surface Residual Stresses - Analytical Background," J. Eng. Mat. & Tech., 116, 550-555, 1994.
  24. W. Cheng, I. Finnie, M. Gremaud, A. Rosselet, R.D. Streit, "The Compliance Method for Measurement of Near Surface Residual Stresses - Application and Validation for Surface Treatment by Laser and Shot-Peening, " J. Eng. Mat. & Tech., 116, 556-560, 1994.
  25. Cheng W. and I. Finnie, "An Overview of the Crack Compliance Method for Residual Stress Measurement," Proc. of the 4th Int. Conf. on Residual Stress, pub. by Society for Experimental Mechanics, Bethel CT, 449-458, 1994.
  26. H.J. Schindler, "Determination of Residual-Stress Distributions from Measured Stress Intensity Factors," Int. J. of Fracture, 74(2), R23-R30, 1996.
  27. M.B. Prime and I. Finnie, "Surface Strains due to Face Loading of a Slot in a Layered Half-Space," J. Eng. Mat. & Tech., 118, 410-418, 1996.
  28. M.B. Prime and Ch. Hellwig, "Residual Stresses in a Bi-Material Laser Clad Measured Using Compliance," The Fifth International Conference on Residual Stresses, T. Ericsson et al., Eds., (Linköping University, Sweden, 1997, ISBN 91-7219-212-7) Vol. 1, pp. 127-132. 194K pdf file (LA-UR-97-1495)
  29. H.-J. Schindler, W. Cheng, and I. Finnie, "Experimental Determination of Stress Intensity Factors Due to Residual Stress," Experimental Mechanics, 37, 272-277, 1997.