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Literature on Crack Compliance (Slitting)
Literature Review and New Papers(back
to top)
Prime, M. B., and Steinzig, M. L., 2014, "Beyond the Streetlight Effect: A United Future for Relaxation and Diffraction Methods for Residual Stress Measurement," Advanced Materials Research, 996, pp. 234-242. Free at publisher's website.
Literature Review: M.B. Prime, "Residual Stress Measurement
by Successive Extension of a Slot: The Crack Compliance Method," Applied
Mechanics Reviews, Vol 52, No. 2, pp. 75-96, 1999. 600K pdf file (LA-UR-98-3757)
New Papers: Over 50 papers that have appeared in the literature
since the literature review. Includes brief descriptions.
Downloadable papers (back
to top)
Hans-Jakob Schindler now has several of his papers available
electronically on his
web site. See papers 1,6,8,9 and 18 there.
- Prime, M. B., 2017, "Amplified effect of mild plastic anisotropy on residual stress and strain anisotropy," International Journal of Solids and Structures, 118–119, pp. 70-77. preprint (pdf) Only brief slitting results.
- Prime, M. B., and Crane, D. L., 2014, "Slitting Method Measurement of Residual Stress Profiles, Including Stress Discontinuities, in Layered Specimens," Residual Stress, Thermomechanics & Infrared Imaging, Hybrid Techniques and Inverse Problems, Volume 8, Conference Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Mechanics Series, M. Rossi, M. Sasso, N. Connesson, R. Singh, A. DeWald, D. Backman, and P. Gloeckner, eds., Springer International Publishing, pp. 93-102. preprint (pdf). (LA-UR-13-21481)
- Aydiner, C. C., and Prime, M. B., 2013, "Three-Dimensional Constraint Effects on the Slitting Method for Measuring Residual Stress," Journal of Engineering Materials and Technology, 135, pp. 031006-031001. DOI: 10.1115/1.4023849. preprint (pdf). (LA-UR-11-05295) . Finally a definitive guide for when to use plane stress versus plane strain compliances, and a simple correction for in between. See the 2nd paragraph of the conclusions for a summary.
- M. R. Hill, J. E. VanDalen, "Measurements of Residual Stress in Fracture Mechanics Coupons," Experimental and Applied Mechanics, Volume 6 Conference Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Mechanics Series, 2011, Volume 17, 251-257, DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4419-9792-0_41. preprint (pdf). (LA-UR-10-2481)
- Prime, M. B., “Plasticity Effects in Incremental Slitting Measurement of Residual Stresses,” Engineering Fracture Mechanics, 77(10), pp. 1552-1566, 2010. preprint (pdf) (LA-UR-09-7958)
- B. Ekbote, P. Kwon, M. B. Prime, “Micromechanics-based Design and Processing of Efficient Meso-scale Heat Exchanger,” 21st Annual Technical Conference of American Society for Composites, Sept. 17-20, 2006, Dearborn , MI. preprint (pdf) (LA-UR-06-5711)
- G. S. Schajer and M. B. Prime, “Residual Stress Solution Extrapolation for the Slitting Method using Equilibrium Constraints,” Journal of Engineering Materials and Technology, 129(2), 227-232, 2007. preprint (pdf) (LA-UR-06-2946)
- M. B. Prime, “Editorial for Special Issue on Residual Stress in Fatigue & Fracture,” Fatigue & Fracture of Engineering Materials & Structures, 30, 172-172, 2007. preprint (pdf) (LA-UR-07-041)
- Schajer, G. S., and Prime, M. B., 2006, "Use of Inverse Solutions for Residual Stress Measurements," Journal of Engineering Materials and Technology, 128(3), 375-382. preprint (pdf). (LA-UR-04-5890)
- Prime, M. B., and Hill, M. R., 2006, "Uncertainty, Model Error, and Order Selection for Series-Expanded, Residual-Stress Inverse Solutions," Journal of Engineering Materials and Technology, 128(2), pp. 175-185. preprint (pdf). (LA-UR-05-2597)
- M.T. Milan, J.R. Tarpani, and W.W. Bose Filho, "Slot Machining Effects On Residual Stress Measurements Using The Crack Compliance Method," and "Residual Stress Evaluation Of AA2024-T3 Friction Stir Welded Joints" from the 18th International Congress of Mechanical Engineering, 2005.
- M.B. Prime and M.R. Hill, 2004, "Measurement of Fiber-Scale Residual
Stress Variation in a Metal-Matrix Composite," Journal of Composite
Materials, 38(23), pp. 2079-2095. preprint (pdf)
. (LA-UR-03-4452)
- M. B. Prime, "Experimental
Procedure for Crack Compliance (Slitting) Measurements of Residual Stress,"
LA-UR-03-8629, Los Alamos National Laboratory Report, 2003. pdf
document
- C. Dalle Donne, E. Lima, J. Wegener, A. Pyzalla, T. Buslaps, "Investigations
on Residual Stresses in Friction Stir Welds," Proc. 3rd Int. Symposium
on Friction Stir Welding, 27-28 September 2001,Kobe Japan, TWI (UK).
preprint (pdf) . Preprint by permission
of the authors.
- M. B. Prime and M. R. Hill, "Residual Stress, Stress Relief, and Inhomogeneity
in Aluminum Plate," Scripta Materialia, 46, pp. 77-82,
2002. preprint (pdf) .
- C. Dalle Donne, G. Biallas, T. Ghidini, & G. Raimbeaux, "Effect
of Weld Imperfections and Residual Stresses on the Fatigue Crack Propagation
in Friction Stir Welded Joints," Proc. 2nd Int. Conf on Friction
Stir Welding, 26-28 June 2000, Gothenberg Sweden. preprint (pdf)
. Preprint by permission of the authors.
- M.B. Prime, P. Rangaswamy, and M.A.M. Bourke, "Measuring Spatial Variation
of Residual Stresses in a MMC Using Crack Compliance," Proc. 7th
Int. Conf. on Composites Engineering, July 2-8, 2000 Denver, Colorado,
Editor: D. Hui, pp. 711-712. preprint (pdf)
. (LA-UR-00-2084)
- M. B. Prime, V. C. Prantil, P. Rangaswamy and F. P. Garcia, "Residual
Stress Measurement and Prediction in a Hardened Steel Ring," Materials
Science Forum, Vols. 347-349, pp. 223-228, 2000.
preprint (pdf) (LA-UR-99-5103)
- M. B. Prime, L. A. Jacobson, and M. A. Pacheco, "Residual Stresses
Measured Before and After Stress Relief in Rolled Aluminum Plate," Book
of Abstracts, 1999 ASME Mechanics & Materials Conference, June
27-30, 1999, Blacksburg, Virginia, Editors: R. C. Batra and E. G. Henneke,
241-242. preprint (pdf) . First
application of crack compliance to measuring biaxial stresses by making
two cuts.(LA-UR-99-3288) see
above paper in Scripta Materialia for more complete version of
same work
- Literature review, 600K pdf file.(LA-UR-98-3757)
- M. B. Prime, "Measuring Residual Stress and the Resulting Stress
Intensity Factor in Compact Tension Specimens," Fatigue & Fracture
of Engineering Materials & Structures, Vol. 22, No. 3, pp. 195-204,
March 1999. preprint (pdf).
This paper attempts gives complete raw data from
a simulation. It would make an ideal test case for someone trying to
test their implementation of crack compliance. (LA-UR-98-0782)
Here is brief presentation that gives the
equation so that one can use clip guage (CMOD) data instead of strain
data to calculate residual stress effects in fatigue or fracture testing
of CT specimens. Thanks
to Keith Donald at Fracture Technology Associates, a small error in
one equation was fixed February 2005.
- M.B. Prime and Ch. Hellwig, "Residual Stresses in a Bi-Material Laser
Clad Measured Using Compliance," The Fifth International Conference
on Residual Stresses, T. Ericsson et al., Eds., (Linköping
University, Sweden, 1997, ISBN 91-7219-212-7) Vol. 1, pp. 127-132. 194K pdf file (LA-UR-97-1495)
History (back to top)
The method was first published 25 years ago, as a result of research at
the University of California, Berkeley:
- S. Vaidyanathan and I. Finnie, "Determination of Residual Stresses
from Stress Intensity Factor Measurements," Journal of Basic Engineering,
93, 242-246, 1971.
It required a cumbersome photoelastic technique and was applied sparingly
over the next 15 years. Two factors contributed to the re-emergence of
the method in the mid 1980's. First, researchers replaced the photoelastic
coatings with much simpler strain gages. And second, advances in large
scale computing and the finite element method made the calculations much
more feasible and allowed the use of more advanced analysis methods. The
method appeared in the literature from several independent researchers
in the 80's:
- (USA 1985)
W. Cheng and I. Finnie, "A Method for Measurement of Axisymmetric Residual
Stresses in Circumferentially Welded Thin-Walled Cylinders," Journal
of Engineering Materials & Technology, 107, 181-185,
1985.
- (Netherlands/UK 1987)
D. Ritchie and R.H. Leggatt, "The Measurement of the Distribution of
Residual Stress Through the Thickness of a Welded Joint," Strain,
May 1987, 61-70.
- (Germany 1987)
T. Fett, "Bestimmung von Eigenspannungen mittels bruchmechanischer Beziehungen
(Determination of Residual Stresses by use of Fracture Mechanical Relations),"
Materialprüfung, 29, 92-92, 1987.
- (UK 1988)
C.N. Reid, "A Method of Mapping Residual Stress in a Compact Tension
Specimen," Scripta Metallurgica, 22, 451-456, 1988.
- (Korea 1989)
K.J. Kang, J.H. Song, and Y.Y. Earmme, "A Method for the Measurement
of Residual Stresses Using a Fracture Mechanics Approach," Journal
of Strain Analysis, 24, 23-30, 1989.
Below is a chronological listing of the published research on the compliance
method generated primarily by Iain Finnie, Weili Cheng,
and coworkers at U.C. Berkeley. It includes publications that give solutions
useful in applying the compliance method to various geometries, even though
the compliance method is not explicitly addressed in the paper. There
are also many papers in the literature that demonstrate applications of
the method. Maybe in the future they will be added to this page.
- W. Cheng, I. Finnie, and G. Stevick, "Predictions of the Stress Intensity
Factor for an Internal Circumferential Crack at a Butt-Weld Between
Cylinders Using the Plane Strain Solution," Journal of Engineering
Materials & Technology, 106, 21-24, 1984.
- W. Cheng and I. Finnie, "On the Prediction of Stress Intensity Factors
for Axisymmetric Cracks in Thin-Walled Cylinders from Plane Strain Solutions,"
J. Eng. Mat. & Tech., 107, 2278-234, 1985.
- W. Cheng and I. Finnie, "A Method for Measurement of Axisymmetric
Residual Stresses in Circumferentially Welded Thin-Walled Cylinders,"
J. Eng. Mat. & Tech., 107, 181-185, 1985.
- W. Cheng and I. Finnie, "Determination of Stress Intensity Factors
for Partial Penetration Axial Cracks in Thin-Walled Cylinders, J.
Eng. Mat. & Tech., 108, 83-36, 1986.
- W. Cheng and I. Finnie, "Measurement of Residual Hoop Stress in Cylinders
Using the Compliance Method," J. Eng. Mat. & Tech., 108,
87-92, 1986.
- W. Cheng and I. Finnie, "Examination of Computational Model for the
Layer Removal Method for Residual Stresses Measurement," Experimental
Mechanics, 26, 150-153, 1986.
- W. Cheng and I. Finnie, "A New Method of Measurement of Residual Stresses
Applied to a Multi-Pass Butt Welded Cylinder," J. Eng. Mat. &
Tech., 109, 337-342, 1987.
- W. Cheng and I. Finnie, "KI Solutions for an Edge Cracked Strip,"
Engineering Fracture Mechanics, 31, 201-207, 1988.
- W. Cheng and I. Finnie, "Stress Intensity Factors for Radial Cracks
in Circular Cylinders and Other Simply Closed Cylindrical Bodies," Engineering
Fracture Mechanics, 32, 767-774, 1989.
- W. Cheng and I. Finnie, "A KII Stress Intensity Solution for an Edge
Cracked Strip," Engineering Fracture Mechanics, 36, 355-360,
1990.
- W. Cheng and I. Finnie, "The Crack Compliance Method for Residual
Stresses Measurement," Welding in the World, 28, 103-110,
1990.
- W. Cheng, I. Finnie, and O. Vardar, "Measurement of Residual Stresses
Near the Surface Using the Crack Compliance Method," J. Eng. Mat.
& Tech., 113, 199-204, 1991.
- W. Cheng and I. Finnie, "An Experimental Method for Determining Residual
Stresses in Welds," Modeling of Casting, Welding, and Advanced Solidification
Processes - V, (M. Rappaz ed.), The Minerals, Metals, and Materials
Society, Warrendale, PA, USA, 1991.
- W. Cheng, I. Finnie, and O. Vardar, "Deformation of an Edge Cracked
Strip Subjected to Normal Surface Traction on the Crack Faces," Engineering
Fracture Mechanics, 42, 97-107, 1992.
- W. Cheng, I. Finnie, and O. Vardar, "Estimation of Axisymmetric Residual
Stresses in a Long Cylinder," J. Eng. Mat. & Tech., 114,
137-140, 1992.
- W. Cheng and I. Finnie, "Deformation of an Edge Cracked Strip Subjected
to Arbitrary Shear Surface Traction on the Crack Faces," Engineering
Fracture Mechanics, 43, 33-39, 1992.
- W. Cheng and I. Finnie, "Measurement of Residual Stress Distributions
Near the Toe of a Weld Between a Bracket and a Plate using the Crack
Compliance Method," Proc. of IUTAM Symposium, "Mechanical Effects
of Welding," Lulea, Sweden.
- W. Cheng, M.B. Prime and I. Finnie, "Measurement of Residual Stresses
Through the Thickness of a Strip Using the Crack Compliance Method,"
Residual Stresses III - Science and Tech., Proceedings of the Third
International Conference on Residual Stress, Vol. 2, Elsevier Applied
Science, ed.: H. Fujiwara et. al., 1127-1132, 1992.
- M. Gremaud, W. Cheng, M. Prime, and I. Finnie, "Measurement of Residual
Stresses in Laser Treated Layers Using the Crack Compliance Method,"
Proceedings of International Conference on Laser Advanced Materials
Processing, eds.: A. Matasunawa and S. Katayama, 713-718, 1992.
- W. Cheng and I. Finnie, "A Comparison of the Strains due to Edge Cracks
and Cuts of Finite Width in a Semi-Infinite Elastic Plate," J. Eng.
Mat. & Tech., 115, 220-226, 1993.
- W. Cheng, I. Finnie, M. Gremaud, and M.B. Prime, "Measurement of Near
Surface Residual Stresses Using Electrical Discharge Wire Machining,"
J. Eng. Mat. & Tech., 116, 1-7, 1994.
- W. Cheng and I. Finnie, "Measurement of Residual
Stress Distributions Near the Toe of an Attachment Welded on a Plate
Using the Crack Compliance Method," Engineering Fracture Mechanics,
46, 79-91, 1993.
- M. Gremaud, W. Cheng, I. Finnie, and M.B. Prime, "The Compliance Method
for Measurement of Near Surface Residual Stresses - Analytical Background,"
J. Eng. Mat. & Tech., 116, 550-555, 1994.
- W. Cheng, I. Finnie, M. Gremaud, A. Rosselet, R.D.
Streit, "The Compliance Method for Measurement of Near Surface Residual
Stresses - Application and Validation for Surface Treatment by Laser
and Shot-Peening, " J. Eng. Mat. & Tech., 116, 556-560,
1994.
- Cheng W. and I. Finnie, "An Overview of the Crack Compliance Method
for Residual Stress Measurement," Proc. of the 4th Int. Conf. on
Residual Stress, pub. by Society for Experimental Mechanics, Bethel
CT, 449-458, 1994.
- H.J. Schindler, "Determination of Residual-Stress Distributions from
Measured Stress Intensity Factors," Int. J. of Fracture, 74(2),
R23-R30, 1996.
- M.B. Prime and I. Finnie, "Surface Strains due to Face Loading of
a Slot in a Layered Half-Space," J. Eng. Mat. & Tech., 118,
410-418, 1996.
- M.B. Prime and Ch. Hellwig, "Residual Stresses in a Bi-Material Laser
Clad Measured Using Compliance," The Fifth International Conference
on Residual Stresses, T. Ericsson et al., Eds., (Linköping
University, Sweden, 1997, ISBN 91-7219-212-7) Vol. 1, pp. 127-132. 194K pdf file (LA-UR-97-1495)
- H.-J. Schindler, W. Cheng, and I. Finnie, "Experimental
Determination of Stress Intensity Factors Due to Residual Stress," Experimental
Mechanics, 37, 272-277, 1997.
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