1960

1961

1962

1963

1964

1965

1966

1967

1968

1969

• Local hangout, “Coffee House of High Principles,” opens.

• First of 22 Plowshare tests detonated at Carlsbad, New Mexico.
• Guaje Pines Cemetery dedicated.
• Renewed emphasis on civil defense shelters and food supplies ($5.00 per person for two-week supply).

• First joint US/UK test at NTS.
• PHERMEX (pulsed high-energy radiographic machine emitting x-rays) hydrotest facility completed.
• Underground Nuclear Test Containment Program begins.
• President Kennedy visits Los Alamos, President Kennedy visits NTS.

Vela Satellite

• Vela satellite sensors developed to detect nuclear explosions.
• Science Museum opens to the public.
• Chamber of Commerce organized.

• World’s highest-voltage Van de Graaff accelerator operational.

• First government home sold to a private citizen in Western Area.

• Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory designated a Registered National.
Historic Landmark.
• Nation’s first nuclear safeguards program begins.
• School facilities transferred from the AEC to the county.
• First motel opens.

• White Rock gets a post office.

• “Boxcar” is the largest underground test ever conducted at NTS (1.3 megatons).

• Radioisotope thermoelectric generator (RTG) research and development begins.
•“Milrow” nuclear test detonated at Amchitka, Alaska.

President Kennedy

• France tests atomic bomb in Sahara Desert.
• Luis Alvarez announces discovery of bubble chambers of resonances.
• Rudolf Mossbauer discovers what becomes the "Mossbauer effect."
• James Bonner discovers that chromosomes synthesize RNA.
• Geothermal power is produced for the first time in the U.S.
• U2 spy-plane incident. .
• John Fitzgerald Kennedy elected President of the United States.
• President Kennedy launches Apollo Space program.

• US begins military buildup in Vietnam.
• Berlin Wall erected.
• First nuclear test moratorium ends.
• USSR resumes atmospheric nuclear testing.
• President Kennedy orders resumption of underground nuclear testing.
• Soviet cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin becomes first human in space.

• US conducts its last atmospheric nuclear test.
• Cuban Missile Crisis.
• A group headed by G. Danby established there are two types of neutrinos.
• Second Vatican Council commences.

President Johnson

• Limited Test Ban Treaty signed by US, UK, and USSR prohibiting testing of nuclear weapons in space, above ground, and under water.
• Maarten Schmidt discovers quasars.
• J. Robert Oppenheimer receives the Fermi Award.
• President Kennedy assassinated.
• Lyndon Baines Johnson becomes President.

Leonid Brezhnev

• China explodes 20-kiloton atomic bomb.
• The International Rice Research Institute introduces new strains of rice to start the "green revolution."
• Murray Gell-Mann introduces the concept of quarks.
• Aswan Dam on the Nile is completed.
• Civil Rights Act is passed.
• U.S. involvement in Vietnam increases after Gulf of Tonkin incident.
• Rachel Carson’s Silent Spring launches environmental movement.
• Leonid Ilich Brezhnev becomes first secretary of the Communist Party.

• Arno Penzias and Robert Wilson accidentally find the radio-wave remnants of the Big Bang.
• The Stanford Linear Accelerator Center particle accelerator becomes operational.
• Cesar Chavez leads a farm workers strike in the San Joaquin Valley of California.
• President Johnson's "Great Society" programs -- Medicare, Water Quality Act, Higher Education Act, enacted.

• Venera III, the Soviet Union's space probe, land on Venus, becoming the first human object to land on another planet.
• The U.S.'s Surveyor I has a soft lunar landing and returns pictures of the lunar surface to earth.
• Fuel injection for automobile engines is developed in the United Kingdom.
• China begins its cultural revolution.
• National Organization for Women is formed.

• China explodes 3-megaton hydrogen bomb.
• Outer Space Treaty signed by US, UK, and USSR.
• Both the U.S. and Soviet space programs experience accidental deaths of its spacemen.
• Rene Favaloro develops the coronary bypass operation.
• S. Manabe and R.T. Wetherald warn that increases in carbon dioxide in the air will lead to a greenhouse effect.
• Jocelyn Bell discovers the first pulsar.
• Hans Bethe wins Nobel Prize for Physics for his study of the energy production of stars.
• Keyboards are introduced for data input to computers.
• Arab-Israeli 6-day War.

• Tet offensive in Vietnam.
• Nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty signed by US, UK, and USSR.
• France explodes 2-megaton hydrogen bomb at Muroroa Atoll.
• Bikini Atoll is re-inhabited by native people.
• Supertankers are put into service.
• Andrey Sakharov speaks out in favor of nuclear arms reduction.
• Martin Luther Kind and Robert Kennedy assassinated.

Buzz Aldrin on the Moon

• Richard Milhous Nixon becomes President of the United States.
• Neil Armstrong is first man on the Moon.
• Fermilab is established in Batavia, Illinois.
• "Bubble memory" created for computers.
• Yasir Arafat becomes leader of the Palestinian Liberation Organization.
• Woodstock festival marks height of U.S. "counter culture".