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Residual Stress
Conferences |
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pdf file of preprint.
Journal Articles (preprints) (back to top)
 W. Woo, H. Choo, M. B. Prime, Z. Feng, and B. Clausen, “Microstructure, texture and residual stress in a friction-stir-processed AZ31B magnesium alloy,” Acta Materialia, 56(8), 1701-1711, 2008. ** DOI link if you have access to this journal and want the final article instead of a preprint. (LA-UR-08-0012)
Prime, M. B., Gnäupel-Herold, T., Baumann, J. A., Lederich, R. J., Bowden, D. M., Sebring, R.J., "Residual Stress Measurements in a Thick, Dissimilar Aluminum Alloy Friction Stir Weld,” Acta Materialia, 54(15), 4013-4021, 2006. (LA-UR-06-0512) See page on friction stir weld. *** DOI link if you have access to this journal and want the final article instead of a preprint.
Rangaswamy, P., Griffith, M.
L., Prime, M. B., Holden, T. M., Rogge, R. B., Edwards, J. M., and Sebring,
R. J., "Residual Stresses in Lens (R) Components Using Neutron Diffraction
and Contour Method," Materials Science and Engineering A,
399(1-2), pp. 72-83, 2005. (LA-UR-03-3105)
Residual Stresses in parts made by solid freeform fabrication methods.
M. B. Prime, R. J. Sebring, J. M. Edwards, D. J. Hughes, P. J. Webster,
"Laser Surface-Contouring and Spline Data-Smoothing for Residual
Stress Measurement," Experimental Mechanics, 44(2),
pp. 176-184, April 2004. (LA-UR-02-7241)
Includes weld plate
results.
R. L. Martineau, M. B. Prime, and T. Duffey, "Penetration of HSLA-100
Steel with Tungsten Carbide Spheres at Striking Velocities Between 0.8
and 2.5 km/sec," International Journal of Impact Engineering,
30(5), pp. 505-520, 2004. These
are updated results from the foreign object damage paper below.(LA-UR-03-0760)
J. Kelleher, M.B. Prime, D. Buttle, P.M. Mummery, P.J. Webster, J. Shackleton,
P.J. Withers, "The Measurement of Residual
Stress in Railway Rails by Diffraction and Other Methods,"
Journal of Neutron Research, 11(4), 187-193, 2003. (LA-UR-03-7128)
M. B. Prime, M. A. Newborn, J. A. Balog, "Quenching and Cold-Work
Residual Stresses in Aluminum Hand Forgings: Contour Method Measurement
and FEM Prediction," Materials Science Forum, Vols. 426-432,
pp. 435-440, 2003. (LA-UR-03-0585)
M. B. Prime, R. L. Martineau, "Mapping Residual Stresses After Foreign
Object Damage Using The Contour Method," Materials Science Forum,
Vols. 404-407, pp. 521-526, 2002. (LA-UR-02-0556)
M.
B. Prime, "Cross-Sectional Mapping of Residual Stresses by Measuring
the Surface Contour After a Cut," Journal of Engineering Materials
and Technology, 123, pp. 162-168, 2001. (LA-UR-00-205)
Selected
Conference Papers (back to top)
Pagliaro, M.B. Prime, B. Zuccarello, B. Clausen, T.R. Watkins, “Validation Specimen for Contour Method Extension to Multiple Residual Stress Components,” in Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Experimental Mechanics, Alexandroupolis, Greece, July 1-6, 2007, paper number 246, CD-ROM proceedings.(LA-UR-07-0992)
P. Pagliaro, M.B. Prime, B. Zuccarello, "Multiple Stress Components From Multiple Cuts For the Contour Method", Proceedings of the XXXV AIAS Conference, Universita' Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy, September 13-16, 2006, Associazione Italiana per l'Analisi delle Sollecitazioni.(LA-UR-06-5610)
M.B. Prime, T.J. Lienert, W.L. Stellwag, R.S. Casey, “Residual Stress Measurement in Friction Stir Welded Ti-6Al-4V,” Fabtech International and AWS Welding Show 2005, November 13–16, 2005, Chicago, Illinois. (LA-UR-05-8693)
M. B. Prime, "Residual
Stresses Measured in Quenched HSLA-100 Steel Plate"
Proceedings of the 2005 SEM Annual Conference and Exposition on Experimental
and Applied Mechanics, June 7-9, 2005, Portland, OR, USA, paper number
52 (CD-ROM proceedings). (LA-UR-05-1265)
M. B. Prime, R. J. Sebring, J. M. Edwards J. A. Baumann,
R. J. Lederich, "Contour-Method Determination of Parent-Part Residual
Stresses Using a Partially Relaxed FSW Test Specimen," Proc. of
the 2004 SEM X Int. Congress & Exposition on Experimental and Applied
Mechanics, June 7-10, 2004, Costa Mesa, CA, paper number 144 (CD-ROM
proceedings). (LA-UR-04-2131)
M. B. Prime, M.R. Hill, A. T. DeWald, R. J. Sebring, V.R.
Dave, M.J. Cola, "Residual Stress Mapping in Welds Using the Contour
Method," Trends in Welding Research, Proc. of the 6th Int. Conf.,
15-19 April 2002, Pine Mountain, GA, eds.: S. A. David et al., ASM
International, 2003, pp. 891-896. (LA-UR-02-1071)
M. B. Prime, D. J. Hughes, P. J. Webster, "Weld Application
of a New Method for Cross-Sectional Residual Stress Mapping," Proc.
2001 SEM Annual Conference on Experimental and Applied Mechanics,
June 4-6, Portland, OR, pp. 608-611. (LA-UR-01-1244)
M. B. Prime and A.
R. Gonzales, "The Contour Method: Simple 2-D Mapping of Residual Stresses,"
Proc. 6th Int. Conf. on Residual Stresses, Oxford, U.K., July 10-12,
2000, 1, 617-624.
Publications
by Other Researchers (back to top)
Edwards, L; Smith, MC; Turski, M; Fitzpatrick, ME; Bouchard, PJ, "Advances in residual stress modeling and measurement for the structural integrity assessment of welded thermal power plant," Advanced Materials Research; 2008; 41-42, p.391-400. A nice paper on stresses and power plant welds.
A. Evans; G. Johnson; A. King; P. J. Withers, "Characterization of laser peening residual stresses in Al 7075 by synchrotron diffraction and the contour method," Journal of Neutron Research, 15(2), 2007, 147 - 154. A very nice measurement of laser peening stresses including a measurement of stresses at the site of a single impact as well as a region treated with overlapping impacts. Also a comparison with synchrotron x-ray. The 2-D contour maps are especially informative. In Figure 8, note the balancing tensile stress outside of the peened region, not only below it.
Withers, P.J.; Turski, M.; Edwards, L.; Bouchard, P.J.; Buttle, D.J., " Recent advances in residual stress measurement," Int. J. of Pressure Vessels and Piping, 85, 2008, pp. 118-127. This paper gives a nice overview of three newer stress measurement techniques in the context of measuring welds for nuclear pressure vessels. The contour measurements were of a simulated repair weld and were novel because the transverse stresses were measured, as compared to longitudinal. The results were very informative and agreed well with neutron measurements.
H. Nasri, J. Lanteigne, and H. Champliaud, "Usage of the Contour Method in Measuring Residual Stress in Welding and Peen-Welding Applications," Proceedings of the IASTED Asian Conference: Modelling and Simulation, Beijing, China, 10/8/2007 - 10/10/2007, L. Miao, Editor, ISBN CD 978-0-88986-701-7, Paper 571-801. This paper shows a good application of contour to measure quite high stresses in a welded steel and the change in stress after hammer peening.
2 presentations at the 2006 USAF Aircraft Structural Integrity Program had contour method results:
Performance Enhancement of Friction Stir Welding by Means of Laser Peening, Lloyd Hackel, Metal Improvement Company, Inc., Omar Hatamleh, NASA, Johnson Space Center
Although the contour method has a tough time getting stresses very near the surface, note how the subsurface tensile stresses have changed after laser peeing; I find it fascinating. When you get more surface compression, there must be more tension somewhere else. Measurments made by Hill Engineering
Understanding the Residual Stress Effect in Damage Tolerance Evaluation of Integral-Stiffened and Friction Stir Weld Panel Concepts, Robert Bucci, Mark James and John Brockenbrough, Alcoa Technical Center
See pages 21+ for a fantastic application of the contour method combined with sectioning and eigenstrain reconstruction to get stresses in a very complicated part.
Hill Engineering and Alcoa are licensed to perform contour measurements.
Omar Hatamleh, Jed Lyons, Royce Forman, 2007, "Laser Peening and Shot Peening Effects on Fatigue Life and Surface Roughness of Friction Stir Welded 7075-T7351 Aluminum," Fatigue & Fracture of Engineering Materials and Structures 30 (2), 115–130. doi:10.1111/j.1460-2695.2006.01093.x. A very detailed study of fatigue life after laser peening a FSW with some contour results. Although the contour method has a tough time getting stresses very near the surface, note how the subsurface tensile stresses have changed after laser peening; I find it fascinating. When you get more surface compression, there must be more tension somewhere else. Most of this material is available in a presentation from the USAF Aircraft Structural Integrity Program: http://www.asipcon.com/2006/06_proceed/Tuesday/0200_Harrison.pdf The contour results are on page 13. [The measurements were performed by Hill Engineering]
Kartal, M ; Turski, M ; Johnson, G ; Fitzpatrick, ME ; Gungor, S ; Withers, PJ ; Edwards, L, 2006, "Residual stress measurements in single and multi-pass groove weld specimens using neutron diffraction and the contour method," Materials Science Forum, Vols. 524-525, pp. 671-676. A nice comparison of contour method results to neutron diffraction in sinle and multi-pass welds on 316L stainless steel.
DeWald, A. T., and Hill, M. R., 2006, "Multi-Axial Contour Method for Mapping Residual Stresses in Continuously Processed Bodies," Experimental Mechanics, 46(4), pp. 473-490. A great combination of the contour method and an eigenstrain analysis to gut multiaxial stress measurements.
Y. Zhang, S. Pratihar, M.E. Fitzpatrick, L. Edwards, "Residual Stress Mapping in Welds Using the Contour Method,"
Materials Science Forum, Vols. 490-491, pp. 294-299, 2005.
A good application of contour to bead on plate weld in 316L stainless
steel and comparison with neutron results.
(free
postprint from CDL) DeWald, A. T., Rankin, J. E., Hill, M. R., Lee,
M. J., and Chen, H. L., 2004, "Assessment of Tensile Residual Stress
Mitigation in Alloy 22 Welds Due to Laser Peening," J. Engineering
Materials and Technology, 126(4), pp. 465-473. A
great application of contour to welded Alloy 22 plate before and after
laser peening. Lots of good detail and discussion on the contour method
measurements. Besides its purpose of understanding the peening process,
Figure 11 well illustrates the repeatability of the contour method.
Zhang,
Y.; Ganguly, S.; Edwards, L.; Fitzpatrick, M.E., " Cross-sectional
mapping of residual stresses in a VPPA weld using the contour method,"
Acta Materialia, 52(17), pp. 5225-5232, October 2004.
A great application of contour to a weld in Aluminum. The comparison with
both neutron and synchrotron diffraction measurements makes this the most
comprehensive validation of the contour method to date.
Y. Zhang, "Numerical and
Experimental Exploration of the Contour Method for Residual Stress Evaluation,"
Doctoral Thesis, Open University, UK. A
very comprehensive study on the contour method including applications
to a VPPA weld, a MIG weld, and cold expanded holes.
M.
R. Hill et al., "Laser Peening Technology," Advanced
Materials & Processes, 161(8), 65-67, August 2003. Has
nice contour method stress maps of a weld before and after laser peening.
A. T. DeWald and M. R.
Hill (2001). " Residual Stress in a Thick Steel Weld Determined
Using the Contour Method." Report on LANL contract 32390-001-01 49.
A very
nice measurement and an excellent report with lots of practical information
and some MATLAB scripts. The analysis of the data took a lot of work because
the cut (that I gave them) was very poor.
Y. Zhang, M. E. Fitzpatrick
and L. Edwards, " Measurement of the Residual Stresses around a Cold
Expanded Hole in an EN8 Steel Plate Using the Contour Method," Materials
Science Forum, Vols. 404-407, pp. 527-532, 2002. The
first publication outside of Los Alamos using the contour method to make
a full 2D residual stress map.
Iikka
Virkkunen, "Thermal Fatigue of Austenitic and Duplex Stainless
Steels," Doctoral Dissertation at Helsinki University of Technology,
November 2001. Can
be downloaded here.
A nice use of
the contour method to measures axisymmetric axial residual stresses in
steel rods is a small part of this thesis. Results are shown in Chapter
4.5 page 69, with a description in Chapter 3.4 and the FEM mesh shown
in Appendix 3.
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