NEUTRON ACTIVATION ANALYSIS OF SURFICIAL SEDIMENTS FROM
SOUTH-WEST PART OF THE BLACK SEA
D.S. Gafitullina1, N.Mukhamedshina1, T.Akyuz2,
S. Akyuz3, A. Oya Algan3,
A.Bassari2, R.Petrova4, V.P.Pereligin1
1 Institute of Nuclear Physics, Tashkent, Uzbekistan,
2 Cekmece Nuclear Researc and Training Center,
Istanbul, Turkey
3 Istanbul
University, Istanbul, Turkey
4 Joint Institute Nuclear Researches, Dubna,
Russia
Abstract
Surface sediment samples collected from 7 sites of the south west part of
the Black Sea around Istanbul area in 1996 and 1999 years have been
investigated. Neutron activation analysis and activation autoradiography were
used for investigation of impurity content and impurity distribution of the
samples. Analytical results indicated that samples contain (mg/kg) Na
(4900-15000), Ca (6800-66000), Sc (3.1-11), Ti (<10-3100), Cr (42-450), Mn
(230-510), Fe (11500-27900), Co (3.2-8.7), Ni (45-83), Cu (<10-78), As
(6.9-11), Se (≤1), Br (8.3-48), Sr (300-970), Zr (160-860), Mo
(<10-95), Ag (0.36-1.4), Cd (<1), Sb (0.036-0.087), Cs (0.58-4.7), Ba
(120-570), La (8.4-28), Ce (27-68), Sm (2.1-3.3), Hf (1-8), Ta (0.3-0.77), W
(15-120), Au (0.0058-0.28), Hg (<1), Th (3.4-7.7), and U (2.0-5.9). The results are compared with those of
other marine sediment samples.
Introduction
Black
Sea is a unique, virtually enclosed water body shared between Romania,
Bulgaria, Turkey, Georgia, Russia and Ukrania. Environmental problem in the
Black Sea is serious. It receives river discharges which mostly contained
industrial and mining wastes. The sediments provide a valuable record of
environmental change of conditions. Istanbul is the most heavily populated and
industrialised metropolitan area of Turkey. The heavy metal pollution of the
environment of the Black Sea around Istanbul area is gradually increasing due
to urbanisation and industrial activities in the region. Therefore it is found
to be interesting to investigate the pollution level of the Black Sea around
Istanbul area using sediment samples. In this study surficial sediment samples,
collected from 7 sites of the Black Sea nearby Istanbul area in 1996 and 1999
years, were analysed quantitatively by Neutron
activation analysis and activation autoradiography techniques.
Experimental
Surface sediments
were collected from 7 sites of the Black Sea nearby Istanbul area in 1996 and 1999 years. The locations of the
sampling sites are shown in figure 1 and given in Table 1. Surficial sediment
samples were collected by Van veen grab on the board of Arar ship of Istanbul
University1. The investigated samples were taken from the uppermost
part of the collected sediments for each site, with spatulas and deposited into
plastic bags. The samples were dried at 400C before being analysed.
Results and discussion
The NAA results
of some elements of the Black Sea sediments are given in Table 2. Our results
are compared with the available data in the literature for heavy metal
concentrations of marine sediments taken from densely populated and
industrialised areas. In Table 3 some metal concentrations of the surface
sediments of the Black Sea around the Istanbul area are compared with the same
metal levels of the sediments taken from Golden Horn2 and Izmit Bay2;
the vicinity of highly industrialised and densely populated regions of
Turkey, and those of coastal sediments of Southern California3 and
Gulf of Venice4. The comparison of some metal contents of the
surface sediment samples around Istanbul area with those of other marine
sediments, indicated that heavy and
toxic metal contaminations are in moderate levels.
Conclusion
In this study
some metal concentrations of the sediment samples taken from the Black Sea
around Istanbul area are investigated by Neutron
activation analysis and activation autoradiography. The comparison of
our results to those of the sediment samples taken from highly industrialised
and densely populated areas of Turkey (Golden Horn and The Izmit Bay)2,
indicated that the sediments around the Istanbul Metropolitan area are
moderately contaminated with heavy and toxic metals.
Acknowledgement
This study was
supported by NATO Grant EST.CLG 975645.
References
1. A.O. ALGAN, M.N.
CAGATAY, H.Z. SARIKAYA, N. BALKIS AND E. SARI, Doga, Tr. J., Engineering and
Environmental Science, 23 (1999) 39-48.
2. M. ERGIN, C.
SAYDAM, O. BASTURK, E. EDEM, R. YORUK, Chemical Geology, 91 (1991) 269.
3. A. KATZ AND I.R.
KAPLAN, Marine Chem., 10 (1981) 261.
4. R. DONAZZOLLO, O.
H. MERLIN, L.M. VITTURI, A. A. ORIO, B. PAVONI, G. PERIN AND S. RABITTI, Mar.
Pollut.Bull., 12 (1981) 417.
FIGURE CAPTION
1.
The locations of the sampling sites.
|
Table 1. The locations (in
degrees) of the sampling sites |
||
|
Sample No |
Latitude |
Longitude |
|
1, K-0 |
41.13 50 |
29.08 00 |
|
2, K-3 |
41.15 10 |
29.12 60
|
|
3, K-5 |
41.19 73 |
29.14 55 |
|
4, K-6 |
41.16 42 |
29.17 78 |
|
5, K-7 |
41.21 40 |
29.16 31 |
|
6, KR-9
|
41. 19 00 |
29.59 10 |
|
7, KS-99 |
41. 19 00 |
29.58 00 |
TABLE 2. The results of INAA determination of impurities in sediments of the Black Sea.
|
Concentration |
||||||||
|
No: |
Element |
1
( K0) |
2 (K3) |
3 (K5) |
4 (K6) |
5
( K7) |
6-
7 ** |
|
|
|
1. |
Na |
15000 ± 800 |
7900 ± 600 |
14000 ± 800 |
12000 ± 800 |
11000 ± 800 |
4900 ± 300 |
|
|
|
2. |
Ca |
6800 ± 700 |
16000 ± 2000 |
26000 ± 2600 |
22000 ± 2800 |
23000 ± 2000 |
66000 ± 6000 |
|
|
|
3. |
Sc |
11 ± 1 |
4.7 ± 0.5 |
7.9 ± 0.9 |
9.1 ± 0.9 |
4.9 ± 0.5 |
3.1 ± 0.5 |
|
|
|
4. |
Ti |
< 10 |
3100 ± 300 |
2600 ± 300 |
1400 ± 200 |
2000 ± 200 |
1800 ± 200 |
|
|
|
5. |
Cr |
110 ± 10 |
53 ± 6 |
73 ± 8 |
72 ± 8 |
42 ± 5 |
450 ± 50 |
|
|
|
6. |
Mn |
510 ± 30 |
230 ± 20 |
380 ± 20 |
300 ± 20 |
250 ± 20 |
340 ± 20 |
|
|
|
7. |
Fe |
27900 ± 3200 |
12300 ± 1400 |
17800 ± 2000 |
19800 ± 2300 |
12100 ± 1400 |
10500 ± 1200 |
|
|
|
8. |
Co |
8.7 ± 0.9 |
5.8 ± 0.7 |
7.8 ± 0.9 |
8.8 ± 0.9 |
6.3 ± 0.7 |
3.2 ± 0.4 |
|
|
|
9. |
Ni |
45 ± 6 |
75 ± 10 |
|
|
83 ± 10 |
68 ± 8 |
|
|
|
10. |
Cu |
< 10 |
26 ± 3 |
|
|
11 ± 2 |
78 ± 9 |
|
|
|
11. |
As |
8.9 ± 1 |
7.0 ± 0.8 |
10 ± 1.1 |
11 ± 1.1 |
6.9 ± 0.8 |
9.6 ± 1.1 |
|
|
|
12. |
Se |
£
1.0 |
£
1.0 |
£
1.0 |
£
1.0 |
£
1.0 |
£
1.0 |
|
|
|
13. |
Br |
48 ± 5 |
21 ± 2 |
55 ± 6 |
43 ± 5 |
40 ± 5 |
8.3 ± 0.8 |
|
|
|
14. |
Sr |
300 ± 30 |
870 ± 80 |
850 ± 80 |
650 ± 70 |
880 ± 90 |
970 ± 90 |
|
|
|
15. |
Zr |
360 ± 40 |
210 ± 25 |
200 ± 25 |
230 ± 25 |
160 ± 20 |
860 ± 99 |
|
|
|
16. |
Mo |
23 + 3 |
14 ± 3 |
< 10 |
19 ± 3 |
37 ± 5 |
95 ± 10 |
|
|
|
17. |
Ag |
1.4 ± 0.2 |
0.94 ± 0.09 |
1.4 ± 0.2 |
1.4 ± 0.2 |
0.6 ± 0.07 |
0.36 ± 0.04 |
|
|
|
18. |
Cd |
< 1.0 |
< 1.0 |
< 1.0 |
< 1.0 |
< 1.0 |
< 1.0 |
|
|
|
19. |
Sb |
0.036 ± 0.004 |
0.049 ± 0.006 |
0.053 ± 0.006 |
0.087 ± 0.01 |
0.087 ± 0.01 |
0.06 ± 0.005 |
|
|
|
20. |
Cs |
4.7 ± 0.5 |
2.0 ± 0.2 |
3.8 ± 0.4 |
3.8 ± 0.4 |
3.0 ± 0.3 |
0.58 ± 0.07 |
|
|
|
21. |
Ba |
340 ± 40 |
270 ± 30 |
370 ± 40 |
570 ± 60 |
330 ± 40 |
120 ± 10 |
|
|
|
22. |
La |
28 ± 3 |
8.4 ± 0.6 |
12 ± 2 |
16 ± 2 |
18 ± 2 |
12 ± 2 |
|
|
|
23. |
Ce |
68 ± 7 |
29 ± 3 |
52 ± 6 |
49 ± 5 |
27 ± 3 |
32 ± 3 |
|
|
|
24. |
Sm |
3.3 ± 0.3 |
2.1 ± 0.2 |
3.1 ± 0.3 |
3.3 ± 0.3 |
2.4 ± 0,3 |
2.8 ± 0.3 |
|
|
|
25. |
Hf |
8.0 ± 0.8 |
1.2 ± 0.2 |
2.8 ± 0.3 |
1.0 ± 0.1 |
1.2 ± 0.2 |
1.7 ± 0.2 |
|
|
|
26. |
Ta |
0.57 + 0.07 |
0.3 ± 0.03 |
0.3 ± 0.03 |
0.4 ± 0.05 |
0.37 ± 0.04 |
0.77 ± 0.09 |
|
|
|
27. |
W |
15 ± 2 |
120 ± 15 |
70 ± 9 |
29 ± 4 |
38 ± 4 |
26 ± 4 |
|
|
|
28. |
Au |
0.026 ± 0.003 |
0.028 ± 0.003 |
0.023 ± 0.003 |
0.019 ± 0.003 |
0.0058 ± 7.10-4 |
0.012 ± 0.002 |
|
|
|
29. |
Hg |
< 1.0 |
< 1.0 |
< 1.0 |
< 1.0 |
< 1.0 |
< 1.0 |
|
|
|
30. |
Th |
7.7 ± 0.9 |
3.5 ± 0.4 |
6.0 ± 0.7 |
5.8 ± 0.7 |
3.4 ± 0.4 |
7.1 ± 0.8 |
|
|
|
31. |
U |
5.9 ± 0.6 |
2.0 ± 0.3 |
4.0 ± 0.5 |
2.5 ± 0.3 |
2.8 ± 0.3 |
4.2 ± 0.5 |
|
|
|
* The confidense intervals are given for probability
0.975 and 5 multiple eterminations.** The results of the composite sample 6
(KR-9) and 7 (KS-99). |
|
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